(8) Labor intensity, area scale and yield: In China, the scale is small, and it is labor intensive and the average yield per hectare is higher than other countries, whereas the opposite is true in Thailand, which has large scale cultivation, the work-force is small and the yield is low per hectare.
(9) Year-round production of the improved varieties in irrigated fields: Normally two harvests per year, but in Indonesia they achieve an average of two and a half harvests per year. In comparison, the traditional varieties are only once a year. Therefore, the yield per harvest is larger, and also the total yield per year for the improved varieties in the irrigated fields is correspondingly higher.
(10) Machine use and year-round production: As mentioned before, the substance of the Green Revolution is based on BC technology, and the percentage of tractor use is high as machine use makes year round production easier.
4. Increased Production Results from the Green Revolution.
Rice production throughout the world has rapidly expanded in the last thirty years, centered on the Asian region, as a result of the Green Revolution development which is accompanied by the above increase in yield effect. (Table 2.)
The total rice production volume in the world has doubled within the last thirty years from 250 million tons in the early 1960's, to 530 million tons in the 1990's, mainly due to the doubling of Asian rice production which represents more than 90% of the world's total production volume. During that period, the cultivated area throughout the world has been expanded by about 15%, but the main reason for the doubling of rice production is the increase in yields of about 80% per hectare. In other words, it can be said that rice production in the world has doubled through the high yields of the modem varieties.
These high yields are the result of developments in the BC technology of the Green Revolution. A Malthusian crisis has not occurred due to the development of agricultural technology which he ignored. By contrast,
